FOOD AND CULTURE

Symbols and Meanings

Adler T (1983) Making Pancakes on Sunday: The Male Cook in Family Tradition. in M Jones (ed) Foodways and Eating Habits [symbolism; male gender; family; North America; United States].Symbol of Peace

Aklujkar V (1992) Sharing the Divine Feast: Evolution of Food Metaphor in Marathi Sant. in RS Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State University of New York Press, pp. 95-115 [history; symbolism; feasts; South Asia; India; Marathi].

Allison A (1991) Japanese Mothers and Obentos: The Lunchbox as Ideological State Apparatus. Anthropological Quarterly. 64:195-208 [symbolic meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Anderson J (1987) Japanese Tea Ritual: Religion in Practice. Man. 22:475-498 [symbolic meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Recommended -- click for detailsAnderson J (1991) An Introduction to Japanese Tea Ritual [symbols and meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Andrews T (2000) Nectar and Ambrosia: An Encyclopedia of Food in World Mythology. ABC Clio [magic; religion; myth; legend; symbol; meaning].

Recommended -- click for detailsAppadurai A (1981) Gastro Politics in Hindu South Asia. American Ethnologist. 8:494-511 [social relations; power; symbolism; South Asia; India; Hindu].

Archetti E (1997) Guinea Pigs: Food, Symbol and Conflict of Knowledge in Ecuador. Berg [symbolic meaning; South America; Ecuador].

Barthes R (1975) Toward a Psychosociology of Contemporary Food Consumption. in E Forster; R Forster (eds) European Diet from Pre-Industrial to Modern Times, pp. 166-173 [symbols; history; Western culture; Europe].

Bates M (1957) Man, Food, and Sex. American Scholar. 27:449-458 [symbolism; sex].

Bestor TC (1999) Wholesale Sushi: Culture and Commodity in Tokyo's Tuna Market. in S Low (ed) Theorizing the City: The New Urban Anthropology Reader. Rutgers University Press, pp. 201-242 [fish; food system; market globalization; meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Brandes S (1997) Sugar, Colonialism, and Death: On the Origins of Mexico's Day of the Dead. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 39:270-299 [history; meaning; ritual; Mexico].

Chakraborty DK (1992) Turtle Eating Ceremony among the Great Andamese. Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India. 41:11-17 [feast; food use; symbol and meaning; South Asia; India; Adaman Islands].

Clastres P (1998) Cannibals. The Sciences. 38 [cannibalism; meaning; South America; Paraguay; Ache].

Counihan CM; Kaplan S (1998) Food and Gender: Identity and Power. Gordon and Breach [food symbols; social relations; gender identity; body images].

Counihan CM; van Esterik P (1997) Food and Culture. Routledge [collected essays (reprints); food symbols; social relations; body image; hunger; miscellaneous].

Curran P (1989) Grace before Meals: Food Ritual and Body Discipline in Convent Culture. University of Illinois Press [meaning; religion; North America; United States].

Cwiertka KJ (1998) How Cooking Became a Hobby: Changes in Attitude toward Cooking in Early Twentieth Century Japan. in S Fruhstuck; S Linhart (eds) The Culture of Japan as through Its Leisure. SUNY Press, pp. 41-58 [cookery; meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Dillinger TL; Barriga P; Escarcega S, et al. (2000) Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate. Journal of Nutrition. 130:2057s-2072s [foodstuff; prehistory; history; symbol].

Douglas M (1972) Deciphering a Meal. Daedelus. 101:61-82 [symbol; structure; Europe; England].

Douglas M (1982) The Active Voice. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul [symbol; social anthropological theory].

Dubisch J (1981) You Are What You Eat: Religious Aspects of the Health Food Movement. in SP Montague; W Arens (eds) The American Dimension: Culture Myths and Social Realities. Mayfield [symbolism; food habits; religion; cult; North America; United States].

Feeley-Harnik G (1994) The Lord's Table: The Meaning of Food in Early Judaism and Christianity [history; symbols; religion (Jewish, Christian); Middle East].

Feeley-Harnik G (1995) Religion and Food: An Anthropological Perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 63:565-582 [history; social identity; symbolism].

Ferro-Luzzi G (1977) Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings. Current Anthropology. 18:507-514 [symbol; ritual; South Asia; India].

Fiddes N (1992) Meat a Natural Symbol. Routledge [meat; symbolism].

Recommended -- click for detailsFiddes N (1994) Social Aspects of Meat Eating. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 53:271-279(9) [symbolic meaning; cultural importance of meat].

Freeman J (2004) The Making of the Modern Kitchen. Berg [history; contemporary culture; cookery; utensiles; applicances; symbol and meaning; Europe; United Kingdom].

Recommended -- click for detailsFurst E; Prattala R; Ekstrom M, et al. (1991) Palatable Worlds: Sociocultural Food Studies. Solum Forlag [miscellaneous papers; social and cultural theory; foodways; symbols].

Gelder GJ van (2000) God's Banquet: Food in Classical Arab Literature. Columbia University Press [history; symbol & meaning; Middle East].

Recommended -- click for detailsGillespie A; Achterberg C (1989) Comparison of Family Interaction Patterns Related to Food and Nutrition. Journal of American Dietetics Association. 89:509-512 [social relations; symbolic meanings].

Goldman L (1999) The Anthropology of Cannibalism. Praeger [cannibalism; symbolic meanings; myth].

Goldstein D; Merkle K (2005) Culinary Cultures of Europe - Identity, Diversity and Dialogue. Council of Europe [collected essays; history; food habits; meaning; Europe].

Goode J (1992) Food. in R Bauman (ed) Folklore, Cultural Performances, and Popular Entertainment: A Communications-Centered Handbook. Oxford University Press [foodways; symbols; meaning].

Recommended -- click for detailsGrivetti LE; Lamprecht S; Rocke H, et al. (1987) Threads of Cultural Nutrition: Arts and Humanities. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science. 11:249-306 [general survey; arts; humanities; symbolic meanings; food in history].

Gutierrez CP (1984) The Social and Symbolic Uses of Ethnic/Regional Foodways: Cajuns and Crawfish in South Louisiana. in LK Brown; K Mussell (eds) Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United States: The Performance of Group Identity. Recommended -- click for detailsUniversity of Tennessee Press, pp. 169-181- [symbols; ethic and regional foodways; North America; Cajun].

Guy K (2003) When Champagne Became French: Wine and the Making of a National Identity. Johns Hopkins University Press [history; food and place; symbol and meaning; branding; nationality; marketing; Europe; France].

Hammel EA (1967) Sexual Symbolism in Flatware. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers. 37:23-30 [symbolism; sex].

Hertzler A; Standal B (1980) Classifying Cultural Food Habits and Meanings. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 82:421-425 [classification of foods; food habits; symbolic meanings; preference, selection and taste].

Informative -- click for detailsHertzler A; Wenkan N; Standal B (1991) Classifying Cultural Food Habits and Their Meanings. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 82:421-425 [classification; meaning].

Hubert A (1997) Choices of Food and Cuisine in the Concept of Social Space among the Yao of Thailand. in H Macbeth (ed) Food Preferences and Taste. Berghahn, pp. 167-174 [food preferences; social relations; spatial meaning; meal pattern; Southeast Asia].

Hussaini MM (1993) Islamic Dietary Practices and Concepts. Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America [food and religion; meaning].

Insight Media, producer (VHS 2000) Bread. [foodstuff; nutritional value; symbolism; mythic associations; religious importance; economic context].

Insight Media, producer (VHS 2001) The Way to Eat: What Food Means. Anthropology of Food [nutrition; meaning; social life].

Jarvenpa R (1999) Bush Food/Country Food/Town Food: Power, Meaning and Dietary Transformation in Three Societies. in E Museo Nacional de Antropologia (ed) Alimentacion Y Cultura Actas Del Congreso Internacional, Vol Ii 1998. La Val de Onsera, pp. 729-748- [change; social meaning; North American Indians; Chipewyan (Dene); Europe; Finland; Central America; Costa Rica; Terraba].

Jelliffe D (1967) Parallel Food Classification in Developing and Industrial Countries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 20:279-281 [symbolism; scientific classification; cross-cultural].

Rich Ethnography -- click for detailsJenkins C (1980) Geophagy in Fayette County, Tennessee: A Symbolic Interpretation. Tennessee Anthropologist. 5:73-91 [disease; geophagy; symbolism; North America; United States].

Kahn M (1986) Always Hungry, Never Greedy. Waveland [symbolism; appetite expression; social relations; sharing; Oceania; New Guinea].

Kalcik S (1984) Ethnic Foodways in America: Symbol and the Performance of Identity. in LK Brown; K Mussell (eds) Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United States: The Performance of Group Identity. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press [symbolism; ethnic identity; North American; United States].

Kanafuni A (1983) Aesthetics and Ritual in the United Arab Emirates: The Anthropology of Food and Personal Adornment among Arabian Women. American University Beirut [sensory preferences; taste; meaning; Middle East].

Kelleher M (1997) The Feminization of Famine: Representations of Women in Famine Naratives. Duke University Press [images and symbols; famine; gender; history; Europe; South Asia; Ireland; India; Bengal].

Khare RS (1976) The Hindu Hearth and Home. Vikas Publishing House [symbol; commensal relations; nutritional anthropology; South Asia; India].

Khare RS (1992) Annambrahman: Cultural Models, Meanings, and Aesthetics of Hindu Food. Albany: State of New York Press [symbol; perference; aversion; South Asia; India].

Khare RS, editor (1992) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State University of New York Press [collected essays; theory; nutritional anthropology; symbol; social identity; South Asia; India].

Nothing Quite Like It -- click for detailsKhare RS (1992) Food with Saints: An Aspect of Hindu Gastrosemantics. in S Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 27-52- [symbol; fasting; food use; healing; South Asia; India].

Kuper J (1977) The Anthropologist's Cookbook. Universe Books [ethnic foodways; collected papers; foodstuffs; preparations; symbols; recipes].

Laderman C (1981) Symbolic and Empirical Reality: A New Approach to the Analysis of Food Avoidances. American Ethnologist. 8:468-493 [food avoidances; symbolic meaning].

Laudan R (2000) Birth of the Modern Diet. Scientific American. 283:76-81 [history; symbolic meaning; classification of foods; Europe].

Thought Provoking -- click for detailsLehrer A (1978) We Drank Wine, We Talked, and a Good Time Was Had by All. Semiotica. 23:243-278 [foodstuff; language; meanings].

An Acquired Taste -- click for detailsLestringant F (1997) Cannibals: The Discovery and Representation of the Cannibal from Columbus to Jules Verne. University of California Press [cannibalism as symbol; Europe].

Levi-Strauss C (1969) The Raw and the Cooked [symbol and meaning].

Levi-Strauss C (1973) From Honey to Ashes [symbol and meaning].

Levi-Strauss C (1978) The Origin of Table Manners [symbol and meaning].

Lindenbaum S (1986) Rice and Wheat: The Meaning of Food in Bangladesh. in RS Khare; MSA Rao (eds) Food, Society, and Culture: Aspects in South Asian Food Systems. Carolina Academic Press, pp. 253-276 [symbols; food species; South Asia].

Loveday L; Chiba S (1985) Partaking with the Devine and Symbolizing the Societal: The Semiotics of Japanese Food and Drink. Semiotics. 56:115-131 [symbolism; meaning; East Asia; Japan].

Lupton D (1994) Food, Memory and Meaning: The Symbolic and Social Nature of Food Events. Sociological Review. 42:664-686 [symbolic meaning; feasts and festivals].

Madeira K (1989) Cultural Meaning and Use of Food: A Selective Bibliography (1973-1987). in MJ Schofield (ed) Cooking by the Book: Food in Literature and Culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, pp. 207-215 [bibliography; symbolic meaning].

McAllister P (2004) Domestic Space, Habitus, and Xhosa Ritual Beer-Drinking. Ethnology. 43:117-136 [food use; brew; symbolic space; South Africa; Xhosa].

McGowan A (1999) Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals. Clarendon Press [history; feast; religion; symbols].

McIntosh WA (2000) The Symbolization of Eggs in American Culture: A Sociological Analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 19:S532-S539 [meaning; food use; egg; North America].

McKnight D (1973) Sexual Symbolism of Food among the Wik-Mungkan. Man. 8:194-210 [symbolism; sex; Oceania; New Guinea].

Insight Media (VHS 1998) Food: A Multicultural Feast. [origins; meaning; ethnic foods].

Insight Media (VHS 2000) Food and Intimacy. Anthropology of Food [symbolic meaning; sex; emotional significance].

Insight Media (VHS 2000) Sugar. [foodstuff; nutritional value; symbolic meaning].

Menzies I (1970) Psychosocial Aspects of Eating. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 14:223-227 [symbolism; social relations; eating habits].

Montanari M (2006) Food Is Culture. Columbia University Press [symbol; metaphor; social identity].

Moreno M (1992) Pancamirtam: God's Washings as Food. in RS Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State University of New York Press, pp. 147-178 [symbol; ontology; food use; foodstuffs; South Asia; India].

Munroe R; Munroe R; Nerlove S, et al. (1969) Effects of Population Density on Food Concerns in Three East African Societies. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 10:161-171 [symbolic meaning; expressive culture (stories, dreams, etc ); population density; hunger; Logoli; Gusii; Kipsigis; East Africa].

Recommended -- click for detailsMurcott A (2001) Public Beliefs About Gm Foods: More on the Making of a Considered Sociology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 15:1-11 [meaning; food use: genetically modified species].

Nevin H (2005) Sufi Cuisine. Saqi Books [religion; ritual; symbolic meaning; cookery; Middle East].

Newall V (1973) An Egg at Easter: A Folklore Study. Indiana University Press [Easter feast and festival; egg; history; folklore; symbolic meaning].

Nichter M (1985) Cultural Interpretations of the States of Malnutrition among Children: A South Indian Case Study. Medical Anthropology. winter:25-48 [malnutrition; folk classification and meaning; South Asia; India].

Noguchi P (1994) Savor Slowly: Ekiben -- the Fast Food of High-Speed Japan. Ethnology. 33:317-330 [food use: box lunch; railway food; symbolic meanings; East Asia].

Recommended -- click for detailsOgbu J (1973) Seasonal Hunger in Tropical Africa as a Cultural Phenomenon. Africa. 43:317-332 [seasonal hunger; meaning; Africa].

Ohnuki-Tierney E (1993) Rice as Self: Japanese Identities through Time. Princeton University Press [social identity; food symbols and metaphors; East Asia].

O'Laughlin B (1974) Mediation of Contradiction: Why Mbum Women Do Not Eat Chicken. in M Rosaldo; L Lamphere (eds) Women, Culture, and Society [taboo; symbolism; women; Africa; Mbum].

Parasecoli F (2003) Postrevolutionary Chowhounds: Food, Globalization, and the Italian Left Gastronomica, pp. 29-39 [food and politics; meaning; post-industrial society; Europe; Italy].

Paz O (1972) Eroticism and Gastrosophy. Daedelus. 101:67-85 [symbolism; sex].

Pool R (1986) Beliefs Concerning the Avoidance of Food During Pregnancy and the Immediate Post Partum Period in a Tribal Area of Rural Gujarat. Eastern Anthropologist. 39:251-259 [food avoidance; symbol and meaning; South Asia; India; Gujarat].

Powers W; Powers MNM (1984) Metaphysical Aspects of an Oglala Food System. in M Douglas (ed) Food in the Social Order. Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 40-96 [social relations; symbols and meaning; North American Indians; Oglala Souix].

Ramanujan AK (1992) Food for Thought: Toward an Anthology of Hindu Food-Images. in RS Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State Univeristy of New York Press, pp. 221-250 [symbol; South Asia; India].

Raviv Y (2003) Falafel: A National Icon Gastronomica, pp. 20-25 [foodstuff; symbolism; Middle East; Israel].

Ravuvu A (1991) A Fijian Cultural Perspective on Food. in A Janese; S Parkinson; A Robertson (eds) Food and Nutrition in Fiji, pp. 622-636 [food habits; symbols and meanings; Oceania].

Regelson S (1976) The Bagel: Symbol and Ritual at the Breakfast Table. in W Arens; S Montague (eds) The American Dimension: Cultural Myths and Social Realities. Alfred Publishing [symbolism; North America; United States].

Reichel-Dolmatoff G (1971) Amazonian Cosmos: The Sexual and Religious Symbolism of the Tukano Indians. University of Chicago Press [food habits; meanings; South America; Tukano (Tucano)].

Recommended -- click for detailsReichel-Dolmatoff G (1979) Desana Animal Categories, Food Restrictions and the Concept of Color Energies. Journal of Latin American Folklore. 4:243-291 [categories; taboo; symbolic meaning; South America; Columbia; Desana].

Sack D (2001) Whitebread Protestants: Food and Religion in American Culture. Palgrave [symbolic meaning; North America].

Sahlins M (1978) Culture as Protein and Profit. The New York Review of Books. 25:45-53- [taboo; symbolism; prehistory; cannibalism; Mexico; Aztec].

Salvador ML (1987) Food for the Holy Ghost: Ritual Exchange in Azorean Festivals. in A Falassi (ed) Time out of Time: Essays on the Festival. University of New Mexico Press, pp. 244-260 [food in ritual; festival; religion; symbol and meaning; Europe; Africa; Azores].

Schieffelin E (1976) The Sorrow of the Lonely and the Burning of the Dancer [symbolism; social relations; fighting with food; Oceania; New Guinea].

Recommended -- click for detailsSchmitt E (1999) Cows, Sheep, and Date-Palms: Social Dimensions of Food in the Bible. in E Museo Nacional de Antropologia (ed) Alimentacion Y Cultura Actas Del Congreso Internacional. La Val de Onsera, pp. 1014-1028 [history; foodways; symbolics; Middle East].

Scholliers P (2001) Food, Drink and Identity: Cooking, Eating and Drinking in Europe since the Middle Ages. Berg [collected essays; history; social identity; symbol and meaning; Europe].

Shelton A (1990) A Theater for Eating, Looking, and Thinking: The Restaurant as Symbolic Space. Sociological Spectrum. 10:507-526 [symbolism; eating atttitudes].

Shephard R; Raats MM (1996) Attitudes and Beliefs in Food Habits. in HL Meiselman; HJH MacFie (eds) Food Choice, Acceptance and Consumption. Blackie Academic and Professional [meaning; choice].

Recommended -- click for detailsShuman A (1983) The Rhetoric of Portions. in MO Jones; B Guililano; R Krell (eds) Foodways and Eating Habits. California Folklore Press, pp. 72-80 [language and meaning; foodways].

Simoons FJ (1998) Plants of Life, Plants of Death. University of Wisconsin [food use; symbols and meanings; ethnobotany; medicine].

Sobal J; Mauer D, editors (1995) Interpreting Weight: The Social Management of Fatness and Thinness. Aldine de Gruyter [collected essays; obesity; social meaning; body image].

Soler J (1973) The Semiotics of Food in the Bible. in R Forster; O Ranum (eds) Food and Drink in History. The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 126-138 [language; meaning; history; Middle East].

Steelman V (1974) The Cultural Context of Food: A Study of Food Habits and Their Social Significance in Selected Areas of Louisiana. Important reading -- click for detailsLouisiana State University Center for Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development [food habits; social meaning; North America; United States; Louisiana].

Sutton D (2001) Remembrance of Repasts: An Anthropology of Food and Memory. Berg Press [cognition; meaning; feasts; Europe; Greece; Kalymnos].

Recommended -- click for detailsSzurek SM (2006) Social Identity and Food Choice in the Southeastern United States. Nutritional Anthropology. 27-28:23-37 [preference; meaning; eating patterns; health-consciousness; Alabama].

Tannahill R (1996) Flesh and Blood: A History of the Cannibal Complex. Little, Brown and Company [cannibalism; history; religion and meaning].

Toomey P (1992) Mountain of Food, Mountain of Love: Ritual Inversion of the Annakuta Feast at Mount Govardhan. in RS Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State University of New York Press, pp. 117-145 [feasts; social relations; symbol; ritual; South Asia; Northern India; Braj].

Tuzin D (1972) Yam Symbolism in the Sepik: An Interpretative Account. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 28:230-254 [symbolism; social relations; sex; Oceania; New Guinea].

Recommended -- click for detailsVargas LA (1990) Old and New Transitions and Nutrition in Mexico. in AC Swedlund; GJ Amerlago (eds) Disease in Populations in Transition. New York: Bergin and Garvey, pp. 145-160- [nutrition and health; ecology; symbolic meanings; change; Mexico].

Vogt EZ (1976) Tortillas for the Gods: A Symbolic Analysis of Zinacanteco Rituals. Harvard University Press [ritual; food symbols and meanings; Latin America; Mexico; Maya; Zincanteco].

Voss J (1987) The Politics of Pork and the Rituals of Rice: Redistributive Feasting and Commodity Circulation in Northern Luzon, Philippines. in J Clammer (ed) Beyond the New Economic Anthropology. Macmillan [social relations; food sharing; feasting; symbolic meaning; Southeast Asia; Philippines; Luzon].

Walker H (1998) Fish: Food from the Waters: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 1997 Food. Prospect Books [collected papers; foodstuffs; scale fish; shell fish; caviar; sea urchins; history; symbol].

Recommended -- click for detailsWarde A; Marten L; Olsen W (1999) Consumption Ahd the Problem of Variety: Cultural Omnivorousness, Social Distinction and Dining Out. Sociology. 33:105-127 [restaurants; social identity; symbol and meaning; Europe; England; London; Bristol; Preston].

Weismantel MJ (1988) Food, Gender, and Poverty in the Ecuadorian Andes. Waveland [symbolism; social relations; cultural change; South America; Ecuador; Zumbagua].

White D (1992) You Are What You Eat: The Anomalous Status of Dog-Cookers in Hindu. in RS Khare (ed) Eternal Food: Gastronomic Ideas and Experiences of Hindus and Buddhists. State of New York Press, pp. 53-93 [Hindu food law; social relations; social status; symbol; myth; South Asia; India].

Recommended -- click for detailsWilson C (1971) Food Beliefs Affect Nutritional Status of Malay Fisherfolks. Journal of Nutritional Education. 2:96-98 [food beliefs; symbols and meanings; nutritional status; Southeast Asia; Malaysia].

Wilson DS; Gillespie AK (1999) Rooted in America: Foodlore and Popular Fruits and Vegetables. University of Tennessee Recommended -- click for detailsPress [language; meaning; values; food species; apples; bananas; corn; maize; cranberries; peppers; oranges; pumpkins; tobacco; tomatoes; watermelon; North America; United States].

Wu DYH; Tan CB (2001) Changing Chinese Foodways in Asia. Chinese University Press [collected essays; food habits; change; religion; meaning; Chinese identity; East Asia; Southeast Asia].

Yalman N (1969) On the Meaning of Food Offerings in Ceylon. in R Spencer (ed) Forms of Symbolic Action. University of Washington Press, pp. 81-96 [symbols; food and religion; South Asia; Sri Lanka].

Young M (1986) The Worst Disease: Cultural Definition of Hunger in Kalauna. in L Manderson (ed) Shared Wealth and Symbol: Food, Culture and Society in Oceania and Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press [hunger; meaning; Oceania; Melanesia; Kalaun].

updated 10/2006

 

 

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