1. It is essential to the success of democracy.
   
2. It does not always guarantee "justice."
   
3. _X_ It has to apply equally to every member of society or it is meaningless.
   
4. It cannot readily be applied in every culture; some basic attitudes have to be in place or the rule of law cannot function effectively.

1. the exercise of power without restraint.
   
2. the acquisition of wealth by force.
   
3. the majority from ignoring the legitimate rights of individuals.
   
4. _X_ all of the above.

1. No man, no matter how prominent and powerful he might be, has a right to defy a court of law.
   
2. Even a relatively "low key" effort (vs. a "frontal assault") to obstruct justice is destructive of the rule of law in our country.
   
3. _X_ If only the evidence was easier to understand, I (Rep. Barr) am confident that the American public would overwhelmingly support the charge against President Clinton of obstruction of justice.
   
4. Representative Barr argues all of the above.

1. respect for individual rights.
   
2. predictability.
   
3. _X_ trust, especially between the public and the government.
   
4. respect for the law.

1. The Elian Gonzalez case.
   
2. The Microsoft antitrust case.
   
3. The protests against the World Bank and the IMF in Washington, DC.
   
4. _X_ The massive flooding in China.

1. a "belief in absolutes" has become a serious problem.
   
2. the effort to make a crime of "desecration," for example, of the American flag is badly misguided.
   
3. "relativism" as opposed to "absolutism" is the best way to approach political issues.
   
4. _X_ all of the above

11. Which of the following, if any, cannot be reasonably argued?

1. It is important to protect the expression of unpopular ideas.
   
2. _X_ The concern expressed by the former Soviet Union over the material security of the public is not in any way relevant to the issue of "real civil rights."
   
3. Western style civil rights are essential if you want reasonably fair and effective political system- the public needs to be able to find out what is going on and needs to be free to criticize.
   
4. All of the above.

1. The right to housing.
   
2. The right to free medical care.
   
3. _X_ The right to question the government.
   
4. The right to enough to eat.
   
5. All of the above fall under the Soviet view of civil rights.

1. has a right to exist.
   
2. in general, has the right to express its views freely.
   
3. can be restricted when it is attempting to infringe on the legitimate rights of others.
   
4. can be restricted when otherwise legal activity is creating (or might create) a "clear and present danger.
   
5. _X_ All of the above.

1. Freedom of the press resulting in the media unfairly damaging someone's personal or business reputation.
   
2. _X_ Small groups promoting their sometimes controversial views through rallies, publications, and the Internet.
   
3. Freedom of conscience (religion) resulting in religious cults which end up doing serious harm to their members.
   
4. All of the above are equally harmful to society's legitimate interests.

1. Focus on and attempt to curtail activities that clearly infringe on the legitimate rights of others.
   
2. _X_ Shut down groups that repeatedly create problems for others.
   
3. Try to make sure as many people as possible understand the "threats" to society's legitimate interests inherent in the activities of some groups.
   
4. All of the above are equally legitimate ways to try to keep some groups and individuals from seriously jeopardizing the legitimate rights of others.

1. although "justice" is frequently not served, a greater degree of "fairness" has been achieved than in non-democratic systems.
   
2. substantial progress has been made in many areas, thus making the system "fairer" today than it was earlier.
   
3. it is realistically possible to make significant additional improvements in the system that will make it "fairer" in the future than it is today.
   
4. _X_ It is reasonable to argue all of the above.

1. He who has the gold will rule.
   
2. A small group of "well connected" people generally manages to manipulate the system to their advantage.
   
3. _X_ Campaign finance reform should do an excellent job of curbing the power of the elite- without the ability to "bribe" elected officials they will have no effective way to exercise their influence.
   
4. Connections play an essential role in the elite's exercise of influence.
   
5. All of the above are suggested by the readings.

1. good ends can justify evil means.
   
2. deceit can be more effective than force in helping a ruler obtain his goals.
   
3. a successful ruler should not expect a moderate policy to be effective.
   
4. _X_ Machiavelli argues all of the above in the selection in the readings for this course.

1. The liberal-environmental-labor coalition is too loosely organized in America to be able to effectively challenge the "power elite" in most important situations.
   
2. The elite uses its influence in key nonprofit organizations to shape the policy debate in America.
   
3. The "power elite" is so effectively entrenched in American society that, unfortunately, it is not likely that its influence can be significantly diminished in the foreseeable future.
   
4. The Democratic party may provide a political base from which the "elite" can be effectively challenged in the future.
   
5. _X_ Domhoff in fact argues all of the above.

1. _X_ Equality of representation has been seriously undermined in the American system by the key role money plays in politics.
   
2. Serious campaign finance reform should not be difficult to achieve, provided the American public at least moderately supports such change.
   
3. Elected officials can readily be persuaded to pay attention to what is best for the country as a whole vs. what is best for the special interests.
   
4. Newstadtl in fact concludes all of the above.